Histori ea Thermistor le kenyelletso
Thermistor ea NTC ke khutsufatso ea "Negative Temperature Coefficient thermistor".Thermistor =Thermally sensitive resistor, e ile ea sibolloa ka 1833 ke Michael Faraday, ea neng a ntse a etsa lipatlisiso ka silver sulfide semiconductors, o ile a hlokomela hore silver sulfide resistance e ile ea fokotseha ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, 'me o rekisoa ke Samuel Reuben lilemong tsa bo-1930, bo-rasaense ba fumane hore cuprous oxide le koporo oxide le tsona li na le mocheso o fokolang oa mocheso le ts'ebetso ea mocheso,' me ba ne ba atleha ho sebelisa mocheso oa mocheso. Ka mor'a moo, ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea transistor, tsoelo-pele e kholo e entsoe lipatlisisong tsa thermistors, 'me ka 1960, li-thermistor tsa NTC li ile tsa ntlafatsoa, ke tsa sehlopha se seholo salikarolo tse sa sebetseng.
NTC Thermistor ke mofuta oae ntle ea ceramic semiconductor thermal elemente sintered ke li-oxide tsa tšepe tse 'maloa, haholo-holo tsa Mn(manganese), Ni(nickel), Co(cobalt) joalo ka lisebelisoa tse tala, Mn3-xMxO4 (M=Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, joalo-joalo) ke thepa e nang le matla a bohlokoa a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC), ke hore, ho hanyetsa hoa fokotseha.ka boithateloka mocheso o ntseng o eketseha. Haholo-holo, resistivity le lintho tse sa fetoheng li fapana ho latela karolo ea sebopeho sa thepa, sepakapaka sa sintering, mocheso oa sintering le boemo ba sebopeho.
Hobane boleng ba eona ba ho hanyetsa boa fetohahantleleka ho hlakaho arabela liphetoho tse nyenyane tsa mocheso oa 'mele (Tekanyo ea phetoho ea eona ea ho hanyetsa e itšetlehile ka ho fapanalitokisetso tsa parameter), 'me e kopane, e tsitsitse ebile e na le kutloelo-bohloko haholo, e sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha mocheso bakeng sa matlo a bohlale, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa ho laola mocheso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ntlo, li-smartphone, joalo-joalo, 'me lilemong tsa morao tjena e sebelisitsoe ka bongata likoloing le masimong a macha a matla.
1. Litlhaloso tsa Motheo le Melao-motheo ea Tšebetso
Thermistor ea NTC ke eng?
■ Tlhaloso:Thermistor ea Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) ke karolo ea semiconductor ceramic eo khanyetso ea eona e fokotsehang.ka boithateloha mocheso o ntse o eketseha. E sebelisoa haholo ho lekanya mocheso, matšeliso a mocheso, le khatello ea hona joale ea inrush.
■ Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa:E entsoe ho tloha ho transition metal oxides (mohlala, mangan ese, cobalt, nickel), liphetoho tsa mocheso li fetola mahloriso a mochine ka har'a thepa, e leng se bakang phetoho ea ho hanyetsa.
Papiso ea Mefuta ea Sensor ea Mocheso
| Mofuta | Molao-motheo | Melemo | Mefokolo |
|---|---|---|---|
| NTC | Ho hanyetsa ho fapana le mocheso | Boikutlo bo phahameng, theko e tlase | Sehlahisoa se se nang moeli |
| RTD | Ho hanyetsa tšepe ho fapana le mocheso | Ho nepahala ho phahameng, linearity e ntle | Theko e phahameng, karabelo e liehang |
| Thermocouple | Thermoelectric effect (voltage e hlahisoang ke phapang ea mocheso) | Mefuta e mengata ea mocheso (-200°C ho isa ho 1800°C) | E hloka matšeliso a batang a mateano, pontšo e fokolang |
| Sensor ea mocheso oa Digital | E fetolela mocheso ho tlhahiso ea digital | Ho kopanya habonolo le li-microcontroller, ho nepahala ho phahameng | Mocheso o fokolang oa mocheso, litšenyehelo tse phahameng ho feta NTC |
| LPTC (Mohala oa PTC) | Ho hanyetsa ho eketseha ka mokhoa o lumellanang le mocheso | Tlhahiso e bonolo ea mela, e ntle bakeng sa tšireletso e feteletseng ea mocheso | Boikutlo bo fokolang, sebaka se fokolang sa ts'ebeliso |
2. Mekhahlelo ea Bohlokoa ea Ts'ebetso le Mareo
Li-Parameters tsa mantlha
■ Khanyetso ea Lebitso (R25):
Ho hanyetsa matla a zero ho 25°C, hangata ho tloha ho 1kΩ ho isa ho 100kΩ.XIXITRONICSe ka itlhophisa ho kopana le 0.5～5000kΩ
■Boleng ba B (Thermal Index):
Tlhaloso: B = (T1 · T2) / (T2-T1) · ln (R1 / R2), e bontšang kutloisiso ea ho hanyetsa liphetoho tsa mocheso (yuniti: K).
Mofuta o tloaelehileng oa boleng ba B: 3000K ho isa ho 4600K (mohlala, B25/85=3950K)
XIXITRONICS e ka ikamahanya le maemo ho kopana le 2500～5000K
■ Ho nepahala (Mamello):
Phapang ea boleng ba khanyetso (mohlala, ±1%, ±3%) le ho nepahala ha tekanyo ea mocheso (mohlala, ± 0.5°C).
XIXITRONICS e ka ikamahanya le maemo a ± 0.2 ℃ ho tloha ho 0 ℃ ho isa ho 70 ℃, ho nepahala ho phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho ka fihla ho 0.05℃.
■Ntho ea Phallo (δ):
Paramethara e bonts'ang litlamorao tsa ho ichesa, e lekantsoeng ka mW/°C (litekanyetso tse tlase li bolela ho ichesa hanyane).
■Nako e sa Feleng (τ):
Nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa thermistor ho arabela ho 63.2% ea phetoho ea mocheso (mohlala, metsotsoana e 5 metsing, metsotsoana e 20 moeeng).
Melao ea Tekheniki
■ Steinhart-Hart Equation:
Mohlala oa lipalo o hlalosang kamano ea ho hanyetsa le mocheso oa li-thermistor tsa NTC:
(T: Mocheso o phethahetseng, R: Resistance, A/B/C: Constants)
■ α (Temperature Coefficient):
Sekhahla sa ho hanyetsa phetoho ho latela mocheso oa yuniti:
■ Tafole ea RT (Letlapa la Resistance-Thempereature):
Tafole ea litšupiso e bonts'ang litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa khanyetso lithempereichareng tse fapaneng, tse sebelisetsoang ho lekanya kapa moralo oa potoloho.
3. Likopo tse Tloaelehileng tsa NTC Thermistors
Libaka tsa Kopo
1. Tekanyo ea Mocheso:
o Lisebelisoa tsa lapeng (li-air conditioner, lihatsetsi), lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, likoloi (pakete ea betri / tlhahlobo ea mocheso oa motlakase).
2. Matšeliso a Mocheso:
oHo lefella ho hoholeha ha mocheso likarolong tse ling tsa elektroniki (mohlala, li-crystal oscillator, li-LED).
3. Khatello ea Hona Joale ea Inrush:
oHo sebelisa khanyetso e batang e phahameng ho fokotsa ho kenella ha motlakase nakong ea ho qala motlakase.
Mehlala ea Moralo oa Potoloho
• Potoloho ea Voltage Divider:
(Mocheso o baloa ka ho bala motlakase ka ADC.)
• Mekhoa ea ho etsa linearization:
Ho eketsa li-resistance tse tsitsitseng letotong / parallel ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso e sa lekanyetsoang ea NTC (kenyelletsa litšoantšo tsa potoloho ea litšupiso).
4. Lisebelisoa tsa Theknoloji le Lisebelisoa
Lisebelisoa tsa mahala
•Lipampiri tsa boitsebiso:Kenyelletsa lintlha tse qaqileng, boholo, le maemo a teko.
•RT Tafole Excel ( PDF ) Template: E lumella bareki ho sheba ka potlako boleng ba ho hanyetsa mocheso.
oLintlha tsa Moqapi oa NTC ho Tšireletso ea Mocheso oa Battery ea Lithium
oHo Ntlafatsa Tekanyo ea Mocheso ea NTC ka ho Nepahalla ka Software Calibration
Lisebelisoa tsa Marang-rang
• B Boleng Calculator:Kenya T1/R1 le T2/R2 ho bala boleng ba B.
•Sesebelisoa sa ho Fetola Mocheso: Kenyelletso ea ho hanyetsa ho fumana mocheso o lumellanang (e tšehetsa equation ea Steinhart-Hart).
5. Malebela a Moralo (Bakeng sa Baenjiniere)
• Qoba Liphoso tsa ho I futhumatsa:Netefatsa hore hajoale ts'ebetso ea hajoale e ka tlase ho boholo bo boletsoeng ho database (mohlala, 10μA).
• Tšireletso ea Tikoloho:Bakeng sa tikoloho e mongobo kapa e senyang, sebelisa li-NTC tse kentsoeng ka khalase kapa tse koahetsoeng ka epoxy.
• Litlhahiso tsa ho lekanya:Ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha sistimi ka ho etsa tekanyo ea lintlha tse peli (mohlala, 0°C le 100°C).
6.Lipotso tse atisang ho botsoa (FAQ)
1. P: Phapano ke efe lipakeng tsa lithermitara tsa NTC le PTC?
o A: Li-thermistor tsa PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) li eketsa ho hanyetsa mocheso 'me li atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa tšireletso e feteletseng, ha li-thermistor tsa NTC li sebelisetsoa ho lekanya mocheso le matšeliso.
2. P: Joang ho khetha boleng bo nepahetseng ba B?
o A: Maemo a phahameng a B (mohlala, B25/85=4700K) a fana ka kutlo e phahameng 'me a loketse mefuta e moqotetsane ea mocheso, athe boleng bo tlase ba B (mohlala, B25/50=3435K) bo betere bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea mocheso.
3. P: Na bolelele ba terata bo ama ho nepahala ha tekanyo?
oA: E, lithapo tse telele li hlahisa khanyetso e eketsehileng, e ka lefelloang bakeng sa ho sebelisa mokhoa oa terata ea 3 kapa 4.
Litheko tsa rona li ka fetoha ho latela phepelo le lintlha tse ling tsa 'maraka. Re tla u romella lenane le ntlafalitsoeng la litheko kamora hore k'hamphani ea hau e iteanye le rona bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi.
Ee, re hloka hore liodara tsohle tsa machabeng li be le palo e tsoelang pele ea odara. Haeba u batla ho rekisa hape empa ka bongata bo fokolang haholo, re khothaletsa hore u hlahlobe sebaka sa rona sa Marang-rang.
E, re ka fana ka ho fetisisa ditokomane ho akarelletsa le Disetifikeiti tsa Analysis / Conformance; Inshorense; Tšimoloho, le litokomane tse ling tsa thomello moo ho hlokahalang.
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Ee, re lula re sebelisa liphutheloana tsa boleng bo holimo tsa kantle ho naha. Re boetse re sebelisa liphutheloana tse khethehileng tsa kotsi bakeng sa thepa e kotsi le barekisi ba netefalitsoeng ba polokelo e batang bakeng sa lintho tse sa utloeng bohloko. Litlhoko tsa ho paka ka litsebi le litlhoko tse sa tloaelehang tsa ho paka li ka ba le tefiso e eketsehileng.